![]() The aim of the present study was to explore what factors affect this routine-like task, resulting in fast or slow transfer of objects. Little is known about how nurses and surgeons achieve this. Frank discussions between clinicians, managers, patients and governing bodies should be encouraged for recommendations and guidance to be developed.īackground One of the most central collaborative tasks during surgical operations is the passing of objects, including instruments. Decisions around whether music is played and around the choice of music and its volume, are determined largely by surgeons. Conclusions Music played in the operating theatre can interfere with team communication, yet is seldom recognized as a potential safety hazard. ![]() A repeated request can add 4-68 seconds each to operation time and increased tensions due to frustration at ineffective communication. A chi-square test revealed that repeated requests were five times more likely to occur in cases that played music than those that did not. Results Request/response observations (N = 5203) were documented. Further interactional analysis was conducted for each request repetition. Statistical analysis, using a χ2, explored the difference between the proportion of request repetitions and whether music was playing or not. Each case was logged using a request/response sequence identified through interactional analysis. The recordings were divided into music and non-music playing cases. Video recordings of 20 operations over six months in two operating theatres were captured. Methods This study was conducted between 2012–2013 in the UK. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis approaches were used. Design An ethnographic observational study of teamwork in operating theatres through video recordings. There is currently a divide in opinions on the playing of music in operating theatres, with few studies conducted and no policies or guidance provided. Noise levels in the operating theatre already exceed World Health Organisation recommendations. Background According to the cited sources, music is played in 53-72% of surgical operations performed. ![]() Aims To observe the extent and the detail with which playing music can impact on communication in the operating theatre.
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